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Second Battle of Artois
The Second Battle of Artois (フランス語:''Deuxième bataille de l'Artois'' or ドイツ語:''Lorettoschlacht'') from was a battle on the Western Front during the First World War. A German-held salient from Rheims to Amiens had been formed in 1914, which menaced communications between Paris and northern France. A reciprocal French advance eastwards in Artois could cut the rail lines supplying the German armies between Arras and Rheims. French operations in Artois, Champagne and Alsace from November–December 1914, led General Joseph Joffre, Generalissimo (Commander in Chief) and head of Grand Quartier Général (GQG), to continue the offensive in Champagne against the German southern rail supply route and to plan an offensive in Artois, against the lines supplying the German armies from the north.
Field Marshal Sir John French, commander of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), co-operated with the French strategy to capture Vimy Ridge, by planning British attacks against Aubers Ridge, to confront the German 6th Army with a joint offensive on a front, ready to exploit eastwards into the Douai plain, where an advance of would cut the railways supplying the German armies as far south as Rheims. The French attacked Vimy Ridge and the British attacked further north in the Battle of Aubers Ridge (9 May) and the Battle of Festubert
The battle was fought during the German offensive of the Second Battle of Ypres which the Germans ended to reinforce the Artois front. The initial French attack broke through and captured Vimy Ridge but reserve units were not able to reinforce the troops on the ridge, before German counter-attacks forced them back about half-way to their jumping-off points. The British attack at Aubers Ridge was a costly failure and two German divisions in reserve were diverted south against the Tenth Army. The British offensive was suspended until 15 May, when the Battle of Festubert began and French attacks from was concentrated on the flanks, to create jumping-off points for a second general offensive, which began on 16 June.
The British attacks at Festubert forced the Germans back and diverted reserves from the French but the French gained little more ground, despite firing double the amount of artillery ammunition, at the cost of many casualties to both sides. On 18 June, the main offensive was stopped and local attacks were ended on 25 June. The French offensive had advanced the front line about towards Vimy Ridge, on an front. The failure to break through, despite the expenditure of and the loss of led to recriminations against Joffre; the German 6th Army lost A lull followed until the Second Battle of Champagne, the Third Battle of Artois and the Battle of Loos in September.
==Background==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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